Words

archeologist n. 考古学家

archeology 考古学
The archeologist woke up with a start to a strange noise.
In the end, the archeologist got used to working in a cave.
I’m accustomed to waking up early.
Armed with a torch, the archeologist went down into the cave.

prosperous adj. (经济上)繁荣的

a prosperous country / businessman
prosperity 繁荣 n.
economic prosperity
poverty 贫困 n.
One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
prosper v. 繁荣
A company can’t prosper without investment.
thrive / flourish v. 繁荣
Plants that thrive / flourish in tropical rainforests.
A company can’t thrive / flourish without investment.

This city is the most prosperous in the world.
It used to be a very prosperous town.
The city has been prosperous ever since.

story n.楼层

a two-story house
The house is two stories high.
a multi-story parking lot

floor
the first floor, the top floor
My room is on the second floor.
He is living on the top floor.

How many stories does this building have?
My room is on the third story.
What floor is your room on?

sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的

a sacred holiday
sacred music
Mecca is a sacred place
The sacred place is used as a worship room.
What sacred music!
I’ve marked the sacred place on the map. Gather your men and prepare to set out tomorrow morning.
What’s going on in the sacred place?

holy
holy water
a holy war
blessed
It is more blessed to give than to receive.
divine

rest v. 放置

Her elbows rested on the table.
She rested her head against a cushion.
He rested his head on his hands.
She rested her head upon his shoulder.
rest on / upon 基于，依赖于, 搭在 ..
Columbus’ decision to sail west rests on his belief that the world is round.
Our success rests on how well we prepare.
The future of the company rests on your decision.
His reputation rests on his honesty.
Our hopes rest upon your judgment.

be based/founded on/upon
depend on / upon
rely on / upon

Story

Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.

动词可以换成make 名词 of…
make a discovery (of…) = discover …
describe = make a (vivid) description of..
investigate = make a (thorough) investigation of…
summarize = make a (comprehensive) summary of…
analyze = make a (detailed) analysis of …

The archaeologist gave a vivid description of the sacred place found on a desert promontory.
The archaeologist made an exciting discovery of a sacred tomb beneath the ruins.
The witness made a detailed description of what she saw.
The police made a thorough investigation into the cause of the explosion.
The team made a careful analysis of the results before drawing conclusions.

of 引出地名
the city of Beijing
the promontory of Ayialrini
the tiny village of Perachora
the famous monastery of St. Bernard

引出名字
the novel entitled Three Kingdoms
the movie entitled Da Vinci Code
the man named / called Vincent

An American team explored the temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.

stand 矗立在，位于
be located / situated / sited
Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops.
The Monument to the People’s Heroes stands in the center of the square.
The house sits on top of a hill overlooking the town.
The explorers found a temple which stood on top of a hill on a promontory of Kea.
A report came into the zoo that the missing puma had been spotted in a village whitch stood on top of a hill.

lie
The famous monastery lies about a mile away.

The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.

at one time = once

The city at one time must have seen/known(经历) prosperity.
This city has known many wars.
At one time, this village was very prosperous.
Don’t try to do too many things at one time(同时).
The building was at one time a royal palace.

enjoy 享有
enjoy good health
enjoy a high standard of living
Citizens enjoy the right to free speech.
This company enjoys a good reputation for its high-quality products.
She enjoys a high social status in the community.

be blessed with…幸运的拥有
be endowed with 天生具备
She is endowed with both brains and beauty.
boast 有好的东西
This city boasts a lot of beautiful scenery.

Houses - often three stories high - were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.

build of
The house was built of wood.
A tower built of stone was spotted standing on a hill.

with从属
a girl with blue eyes
a mug with a broken handle

decorate 装饰
beautifully decorated walls
a vastly improved method
a much acclaimed novel

The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

even 甚至
She can even speak Japanese.
It was so cold that even the river froze.
They built houses, temples, and even schools.
The city had streets, houses, and even a drainage system.

equip A with B
Equipped with a gun, the soldier went into the forest.
The government has equipped soldiers with guns.

equipment [U]
The classrooms are equipped with modern multimedia teaching equipment.

a great many (of) + [C]
a great number of + [C]
a great amount / deal of + [U]
a lot of + [C]/[U]
A great many people attended the meeting.
A great many books were written about this topic.
A great number of students applied for the scholarship.
A great number of cars were damaged in the storm.
A great amount of money was spent on the project.
A great amount of water was wasted on this.
A great deal of effort was made to solve the problem.

beneath / underneath -> on 贴着
under -> over 有一段距离
below -> above 水平位置高低
The cat is beneath the table.
The keys is underneath the pillow.
The book is on the table.
The passing plane flew over the city.
A boat is drifting under the bridge.
The fish are swimming under the water.
The lamp is hanging over the table.
The sun disappeared below the horizon.
The temperature dropped below the zero.
Her score is above average.

The temple which the archaeologists was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.

be used as … 被当作…使用
The wooden box is used as a seat.
The pile of books is used as a table.
She uses a piece of glass as lens.
I used a big stone as a hammer.

act / serve / function as … 当作…使用
The wooden box acts/serves/functions as a seat.
The piece of glass acts as lens.
Those stones acts as foundation.

in modern / recent / ancient / prehistoric(史前) times

in times of … …时代
in times of peace / war
It’s hard to survive in times of war.
age
the ice Age
the Stone Age
the computer Age
The ancients learned how to make fire in the Stone Age.
era
the steam-engine era
mark the end of an era
His death marked the end of an era
mark the beginning of a new era
It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.

In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen status were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.

represent 代表 v.
stand for 代表
This gold ring stands for/ represents my love for you.
She was chosen to represent her school in the competition.
Was she chosen to represent her school in the competition?
Why was she chosen to represent her school in the competition?
The statue represents the spirit of the city.
This flag represents freedom and unity.
“UN” stands for “United Nations”.
A white dove stands for peace.
The color red stands for passion and energy.

on behalf of sb. / on one’s behalf
On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.
Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf.
I’m speaking on behalf of the whole team.
She accepted the award on behalf of her father.
On behalf of our company, I’d like to thank you for your support.
The lawyer acted on behalf of his client.

The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.

date from… 追溯到…时候
date back to…
can be traced back to …
The amber dates from the Sone Age.
The amber can be dated back to the Stone Age.
The temple dates from the 12th century.
The temple dates back to the Middle Ages.
The document dates from 1789.
These ruins date back to around 500 B.C.

The prosperity of the Silk Road dates from / dates back to / can be traced back to the distant Han Dynasty.

It’s missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.

sth. happen to sb. 发生
A car accident happened to him.
Nothing bad happened to him.
Something funny happed to me this morning.
A car accident happened to her while she was on a fishing trip.
happen to do 碰巧
I happened to meet my old friend in the park.
I happened to have an extra ticket that I can give you.
I happened to met him on the same train.
She happened to take an umbrella when it began to rain.
it happen that
It happened that I was free that day.
It happened that I have an extra ticket.
It happened that my brother knows him well.
chance to do 碰巧
it change that
We happened/changed to take the same train.
It happened/changed that we took the same train.
by chance 巧合
by accident 无意中
accidentally
We took the same train by chance / by accident /accidentally.
I broke the vase by accident / accidentally.
I found the old photo by chance while I was cleaning the room.
The temple was found by chance.

as it happen 碰巧（结果是）……
As it happened, we took the same train.
As it happened, I’d already finished the work.
as luck would have it 碰巧 / 幸运的是 / 不幸的是
As luck would have it, we took the same train.
As luck would have it, I lost my wallet that day.
As luck would have it, the rain stopped just before we went out.

gather one’s wits 冷静
He paused for a moment to gather his wits before answering.
It took her a few minutes to gather her wits after he shock.
I had to gather mine wits before making a speech on behalf of my company.
I need to gather mine wits first, otherwise I can’t study.
How did you manage to gather your wits? I want to know.

This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.

preserve 保护 in good condition
preserve one’s eyesight / food
The museum works hard to preserve ancient artifacts.
Sunglasses can preserve your eyesight from strong sunlight.
This refrigerator helps preserve food for longer periods.
The engine was preserved by in wax.
conserve 保护（保持一定数量）
conserve wildlife/resources
We must conserve our natural resources for sustainable development.
The park was created to conserve local wildlife.

reserve （为了未来使用）保护
Reserve your energy for the climb tomorrow.
I reserve the right to disagree
I’d like to reserve a table for two at 7 p.m.
Reserve your energy for the final match.
She always reserves some time in the evening for reading.

It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.

surprise
astonish
amaze
astound vt.惊呆了
The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.
turn out to be 原来是(出乎意料的语气)
prove (to be) 被证明是
The noise turned out to be just the wind.
He turned out to be a really nice guy.
The rumor turned out to be false.
The new method proved effective.
His prediction proved correct.
The drug proved to be harmful.

modern-looking
an interesting-looking carved dagger
hard-working
easy-going

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

stand v. 站，系动词表示高度
The tower stands 15 meters.
weigh v.称重, 系动词表示重量
The boy weighs 50 kilos.
measure 长宽
The carpet measures 5 meters long.

rested on 搭在…
Her hands rested on her hips.
Her face rested on her hands.

尽管
despite, in spite of, notwithstanding 后跟名词作宾语
though, although, even though, while 后跟从句
in spite of the fact that …
despite the fact that…
Despite the rain, we still went hiking.
Despite the large stone blocking the way, we still managed to get to the other side.
In spite of his injuries, he continued the match.
Notwithstanding the difficulties, they completed the project on time.
Even though they disagree, they respect each other.
While I like coffer, my wife prefers tea.

so far时态用现在完成时

Vocabulary

explored: examined
ancient: very old
prosperous: wealthy
storeys: floors
beneath: underneath
fragments: pieces
remains: surviving pieces